The Buffalo Bills changed head coaches because regular-season excellence was no longer enough.

Buffalo finished 12-5 in 2025, reached the playoffs for a seventh consecutive season and won a Wild Card game. The year still ended in a familiar place: one possession short of advancing, this time after a 33-30 overtime loss in Denver.

Sean McDermott was fired after nine seasons. Joe Brady, the offensive coordinator who helped build one of football’s most balanced attacks, received the responsibility of taking Josh Allen where the franchise has not gone since the 1993 season.

The offense added DJ Moore and returns the NFL’s reigning rushing champion in James Cook. The defense replaced several long-time contributors, hired Jim Leonhard and is changing from a four-man front to a multiple 3-4 structure.

That creates a fascinating championship window. Buffalo may be more dangerous on offense, but it is asking a first-time head coach and a rebuilt defense to solve the exact playoff problems that ended the previous era.

This Buffalo Bills 2026 season preview examines the coaching transition, roster changes, schedule, betting odds, fantasy targets, win-total value and final prediction.

Last updated: August 16, 2026

Buffalo Bills 2026 Outlook at a Glance

CategoryBills outlook
2025 record12-5
2025 finishSecond in AFC East
Playoff resultLost to Denver in Divisional round
Head coachJoe Brady
Offensive coordinatorPete Carmichael
Defensive coordinatorJim Leonhard
Current win total10.5 wins
Primary offensive strengthJosh Allen, James Cook and a deeper receiver room
Primary defensive strengthFlexible pressure personnel
Biggest offensive questionWhether Moore creates a true postseason No. 1 option
Biggest defensive questionTransitioning to a 3-4 after veteran departures
Early record projection11-6
Projected division finishFirst or second in AFC East
Preseason betting positionOver lean, but pass at heavy juice

Buffalo remains a legitimate Super Bowl contender. The difference between 10, 11 and 12 victories may come down to how quickly Leonhard’s defense becomes comfortable and whether the offensive line survives a demanding schedule.

What Happened to the Bills in 2025?

The Bills went 12-5 for the second consecutive season but failed to win the AFC East for the first time since 2019.

New England’s 14-win breakthrough moved Buffalo into the No. 6 seed. The Bills defeated Jacksonville 27-24 in the Wild Card round before losing 33-30 in overtime at Denver.

The offense remained elite without relying exclusively on Allen.

James Cook led the NFL with 1,621 rushing yards. Allen added 579 rushing yards and continued rewriting quarterback rushing records. He passed for 3,668 yards while directing an offense that averaged 28.3 points, fourth most in the league.

The receiving production was distributed. Khalil Shakir led the team with 719 yards, Dalton Kincaid produced 571 and Dawson Knox added 417. That balance made Buffalo difficult to defend, but no receiver reached 750 yards.

The defense finished 12th in scoring at 21.5 points allowed per game. It produced dominant stretches but struggled when forced to protect leads against elite playoff quarterbacks.

Health also mattered. Ed Oliver missed significant time after tearing his biceps, the edge group dealt with absences and the secondary entered several games without its preferred combination.

The season exposed the contradiction that drove the coaching decision. Buffalo had established an exceptionally high floor under McDermott, yet six consecutive playoff defeats ended with the defense allowing at least 27 points.

The official Bills statistics show how complete the regular-season offense became. The postseason result explains why ownership still demanded structural change.

Major Buffalo Bills Offseason Changes

General manager Brandon Beane did not treat a 12-win roster like a rebuilding project.

He traded for a proven No. 1 receiver, added an experienced edge rusher and rebuilt the secondary for Leonhard’s defense.

Important Additions

  • HC Joe Brady
  • OC Pete Carmichael
  • DC Jim Leonhard
  • WR DJ Moore
  • EDGE Bradley Chubb
  • S C.J. Gardner-Johnson
  • S Geno Stone
  • CB Dee Alford
  • DT Phidarian Mathis
  • C Lloyd Cushenberry III
  • G/C Austin Corbett
  • WR Trent Sherfield
  • EDGE T.J. Parker
  • CB Davison Igbinosun

Important Departures

  • HC Sean McDermott
  • DC Bobby Babich
  • CB Taron Johnson
  • LB Matt Milano
  • EDGE Joey Bosa
  • EDGE A.J. Epenesa
  • DT DaQuan Jones
  • S Cam Lewis
  • G David Edwards
  • FB Reggie Gilliam

The Moore trade is the defining offensive move. Buffalo acquired a receiver who can win outside, create after the catch and command the coverage attention that Shakir, Kincaid and Keon Coleman did not consistently receive in 2025.

The defensive changes are more complicated.

Taron Johnson was one of the league’s most dependable slot defenders. Milano’s range and instincts shaped the defense for years. DaQuan Jones handled difficult interior work that rarely appeared in the box score.

Chubb, Gardner-Johnson, Stone and Alford give Buffalo recognizable replacements, but they are joining an entirely different structure.

The latest complication came August 15. Mathis was suspended for the first three regular-season games for violating the league’s performance-enhancing-substances policy. His absence is especially important because Buffalo opens against Houston, Detroit and the Chargers while installing a defense that needs a reliable nose tackle.

Buffalo’s official free-agency tracker provides the complete transaction history.

Buffalo Bills 2026 Draft Class

Buffalo traded out of the first round and accumulated 10 selections.

  • EDGE T.J. Parker, No. 35 overall
  • CB Davison Igbinosun, No. 62
  • OT Jude Bowry, No. 102
  • WR Skyler Bell, No. 125
  • LB Kaleb Elarms-Orr, No. 126
  • S Jalon Kilgore, No. 167
  • DT Zane Durant, No. 181
  • CB Toriano Pride Jr., No. 220
  • P Tommy Doman Jr., No. 239
  • G Ar’maj Reed-Adams, No. 241

Parker is the most important immediate contributor. His burst and power fit a multiple front, and he can rotate behind Chubb, Greg Rousseau and Michael Hoecht before eventually growing into a larger role.

Igbinosun gives Leonhard another long, physical corner. Buffalo lost experience in the secondary, so the rookie may be asked to play meaningful snaps earlier than a typical second-round developmental defender.

Bowry has impressed as a swing-tackle candidate. He is unlikely to displace Dion Dawkins or Spencer Brown immediately, but his athleticism gives Buffalo protection against an injury at either tackle position.

Bell provides slot depth and return ability. Kilgore and Pride expand a secondary that must execute more disguise and post-snap rotation.

Durant became more important after Mathis’ suspension. At 6-foot-1 and roughly 285 pounds, he is not a traditional massive nose tackle, but his leverage and quickness could help Buffalo survive with lighter fronts.

The full class is available through the official Bills draft tracker.

Joe Brady’s Coaching Style

Brady becomes a head coach without changing the central offensive philosophy that made Buffalo successful.

His Bills offenses have emphasized:

  • Shotgun runs
  • Duo and inside zone
  • Designed quarterback movement
  • Play action from condensed formations
  • Motion to identify coverage
  • Multiple tight ends
  • Short throws that create yards after the catch
  • Vertical isolation routes when defenses crowd the box
  • Red-zone flexibility built around Allen
  • Weekly adaptation rather than one fixed personnel package

Brady’s most important change as offensive coordinator was balance. Buffalo stopped treating every difficult situation as an invitation for Allen to rescue the offense.

Cook’s rushing title was not accidental. The offensive line became more physical, the run game stayed available against light boxes and Allen’s efficiency improved when defenses had to respect both threats.

As head coach, Brady must manage the entire game rather than only the next offensive series. Fourth-down decisions, clock usage, challenges, defensive adjustments and special teams now belong to him.

The official announcement of Brady’s five-year contract confirms that Buffalo chose continuity around Allen while changing the authority at the top.

Pete Carmichael’s Offensive Role

Pete Carmichael brings extensive play-calling and quarterback experience from New Orleans.

Brady will remain deeply involved in the offense, but Carmichael can manage weekly installation, situational planning and the passing-game details that once helped Drew Brees thrive.

The expected system combines Brady’s rushing foundation with Carmichael’s experience using:

  • Running backs in the passing game
  • Option routes from the slot
  • Vertical seams by tight ends
  • Empty formations
  • Quick answers against pressure
  • Personnel variation near the goal line
  • Rhythm throws that keep the quarterback on schedule

The greatest advantage is philosophical compatibility. Buffalo does not need Carmichael to replace its system. It needs him to improve detail while Brady handles head-coaching responsibilities.

Josh Allen’s 2026 Outlook

Allen remains the reason every Buffalo future has a realistic path to cashing.

He passed for 3,668 yards in 2025, rushed for 579 and continued creating touchdowns that few quarterbacks can produce. His raw passing volume declined from earlier seasons because Buffalo became more efficient and more committed to Cook.

Reasons for Optimism

  • Moore is Buffalo’s most established receiver since Stefon Diggs
  • Cook forces defenses to honor the run
  • Shakir remains an efficient slot option
  • Kincaid and Knox create flexible tight-end packages
  • Four returning offensive-line starters provide continuity
  • Brady already understands Allen’s strengths
  • Carmichael adds another experienced offensive voice
  • Allen remains the league’s most dangerous short-yardage quarterback

Reasons for Concern

  • Brady must divide attention across the entire team
  • Allen absorbed eight sacks in the 2025 loss at Houston
  • Connor McGovern is dealing with a lower-body injury in camp
  • The schedule includes multiple elite pass rushes
  • Designed rushing creates unavoidable physical exposure
  • Moore must build timing in a new offense
  • Buffalo may protect leads with Cook rather than chase passing statistics

Betting outlook: Allen’s passing Overs become more attractive when opponents can force Buffalo into pace. His rushing-touchdown markets remain viable, but bookmakers fully understand his goal-line role.

Fantasy outlook: Allen remains an elite QB1 and a defensible first quarterback selected. Moore raises the passing ceiling without removing the rushing floor.

James Cook and the Bills Backfield

Cook produced the best season of his career with 1,621 rushing yards and 14 rushing touchdowns.

His vision and acceleration fit Buffalo’s blocking structure, and his presence reduces the number of obvious passing situations Allen faces.

The fantasy question is not whether Cook leads the backfield. It is how much receiving and goal-line work Buffalo allows him to keep.

Ray Davis remains the preferred power complement. Ty Johnson provides passing-down reliability but entered the preseason with a lower-body injury. Frank Gore Jr. is competing for depth.

Fantasy position: Cook is a first-round RB1 candidate. Regression from a rushing title is possible, but the line and system support another high-volume season.

Best handcuff: Davis. His value would rise immediately if Cook missed time, and he may possess limited standalone touchdown value.

Betting variable: Cook’s rushing Overs are strongest when Buffalo is favored and the opposing front cannot force negative early-down plays.

DJ Moore, Khalil Shakir and the Bills Receivers

Moore changes the geometry of the offense.

He can run the complete outside route tree, win on in-breaking concepts and turn short catches into explosive plays. Defenses can no longer focus exclusively on squeezing Shakir and the tight ends inside.

Shakir remains the safest chain-moving receiver. He led Buffalo with 719 yards in 2025 and has established timing with Allen.

Coleman enters a pivotal third season. His size and contested-catch ability remain useful, but Moore’s arrival reduces the need to force him into a No. 1 role.

Joshua Palmer, Mecole Hardman Jr., Trent Sherfield and rookie Skyler Bell create competition behind the top three.

  • Highest-upside receiver: Moore
  • Safest PPR value: Shakir
  • Best touchdown target: Coleman
  • Best deep sleeper: Bell
  • Best-ball speed option: Hardman

Moore should be drafted as a WR2 with WR1 upside. Shakir remains a useful flex. Coleman is better valued in standard scoring and best-ball formats than in target-dependent PPR leagues.

Dalton Kincaid, Dawson Knox and the Tight Ends

Kincaid produced 571 receiving yards despite injuries interrupting his season.

His route-running and movement ability give Buffalo a receiver-like tight end. Knox remains the better in-line blocker and a reliable red-zone option.

Brady can use both together without making the offense predictable. Two-tight-end formations can become power runs, play-action shots or spread passing looks after motion.

Kincaid is a midrange TE1 if healthy. Knox is primarily a touchdown-dependent streamer.

The risk for both is target competition. Moore’s arrival strengthens the offense while making a massive Kincaid volume breakout less necessary.

Buffalo Bills Offensive-Line Analysis

The expected starting line includes:

  • LT Dion Dawkins
  • LG Alec Anderson
  • C Connor McGovern
  • RG O’Cyrus Torrence
  • RT Spencer Brown

Dawkins remains an elite blind-side protector. Torrence and Brown bring power, while McGovern’s communication is essential against pressure.

The concern is left guard and health. David Edwards departed, and Anderson must prove he can hold the position over a full season. McGovern entered the preseason dealing with a lower-body issue.

Buffalo protected itself by adding Lloyd Cushenberry, Austin Corbett and Bowry. That is better depth than most contenders possess.

Betting variable: Downgrade Allen passing markets and Buffalo team totals if Dawkins or Brown is unavailable against an elite edge group. McGovern’s status matters most against defenses built around interior disguise.

Jim Leonhard’s Defensive System

Leonhard is changing Buffalo from McDermott’s familiar four-man structure into a multiple defense with a 3-4 foundation.

His system is expected to feature:

  • Stand-up edge rushers
  • Simulated pressure
  • Late safety rotation
  • Multiple coverage shells
  • Creepers that bring four rushers from unexpected locations
  • Versatile nickel personnel
  • Interior movement
  • Pattern-matching zones
  • Aggressive answers on third down

The objective is uncertainty. Leonhard wants the quarterback to identify one picture before the snap and receive another after it.

Rousseau’s length, Chubb’s experience and Parker’s versatility support that approach. Gardner-Johnson can play safety, nickel or underneath robber roles.

The transition risk is real. Buffalo must learn different run fits and coverage responsibilities while replacing Milano, Johnson and Jones.

Bills Defensive Front and Edge Rushers

Rousseau and Chubb are the projected starting outside linebackers in the new structure.

Rousseau has looked comfortable rushing from a two-point stance and dropping into coverage during camp. Chubb provides veteran power if his health holds. Parker can rotate at either edge, and Hoecht adds flexibility.

Ed Oliver remains the most disruptive interior defender. T.J. Sanders and Deone Walker provide length, while Mathis was expected to handle early-down work before his suspension.

Buffalo may begin the season lighter than Leonhard prefers in the middle. Houston, Detroit and the Chargers will test that weakness rather than waiting for the Bills’ pass-rush packages to take control.

Early betting angle: Opposing running-back markets deserve attention during Mathis’ suspension, particularly if Buffalo’s lighter fronts fail to control double teams.

Bills Linebackers and Secondary

Terrel Bernard becomes the central communicator after Milano’s departure. Dorian Williams and Elarms-Orr must supply range alongside him.

Christian Benford is the most established outside corner. Maxwell Hairston offers speed but entered the preseason with a lower-body injury. Igbinosun provides developmental size.

Alford is expected to replace Johnson in the slot after a career season in Atlanta. Gardner-Johnson and Stone bring experience at safety, while Cole Bishop remains important after his own lower-body camp injury.

Leonhard can create pressure with the secondary only when the communication is sound. Gardner-Johnson’s calf strain, Bishop’s absence and Hairston’s injury reduce the preseason repetitions available to build that chemistry.

The talent is sufficient. The early-season concern is cohesion.

Buffalo Bills 2026 Schedule

WeekOpponentSchedule note
1at Houston TexansDifficult road opener
2Detroit LionsThursday home opener
3Los Angeles ChargersThird strong offense in three weeks
4New England PatriotsDivision test
5at Los Angeles RamsMonday night
6at Las Vegas RaidersSecond straight West Coast game
7ByeEarly reset
8Baltimore RavensPhysical AFC matchup
9at Minnesota VikingsMonday night
10at New York JetsDivision road game
11Miami DolphinsHome
12Kansas City ChiefsThanksgiving night
13at New England PatriotsDivision road game
14at Green Bay PackersSunday night at Lambeau
15Chicago BearsSaturday night
16at Denver BroncosChristmas Day rematch
17at Miami DolphinsWarm-weather road game
18New York JetsDivision finale

The first six weeks are demanding. Buffalo faces Houston, Detroit, the Chargers, New England and the Rams before traveling to Las Vegas.

The Week 7 bye is useful, but the schedule does not become comfortable afterward. Baltimore, Minnesota and Kansas City are followed by a December stretch featuring New England, Green Bay, Chicago and Denver.

Buffalo plays five prime-time games and three contests in an eight-day span from Week 14 through Week 16.

The complete dates and times are available through the official Bills schedule.

Buffalo Bills 2026 Betting Odds

Current prices vary by sportsbook.

MarketCurrent general range
Regular-season win total10.5
Over 10.5Approximately -120 to -140
Under 10.5Approximately +100 to +115
Make playoffsApproximately -320
Miss playoffsApproximately +250 to +255
Win AFC EastApproximately -125 to -150
Win AFCApproximately +500 to +525
Win Super Bowl LXIApproximately +1000

The market treats Buffalo as a top-tier contender and the AFC East favorite. Updated futures prices can be compared through this Bills betting-odds overview.

Bills Win-Total Analysis

Buffalo has won at least 10 games in seven consecutive seasons. That history makes 10.5 appear reachable, but the price asks bettors to pay for the floor.

Reasons to Consider Over 10.5

  • Allen remains an MVP-level quarterback
  • Moore improves the receiver ceiling
  • Cook led the NFL in rushing
  • Four offensive-line starters return
  • Brady preserves offensive continuity
  • The pass rush added Chubb and Parker
  • Buffalo owns strong organizational stability
  • The roster has survived injuries without collapsing
  • The Bills remain favored to win the AFC East
  • An 11-6 record is enough to cash

Reasons to Consider Under 10.5

  • The Over is carrying expensive juice
  • Brady is a first-time head coach
  • Leonhard is changing the defensive front
  • Milano, Johnson and Jones departed
  • Mathis is suspended for the first three games
  • Several defensive backs missed camp time
  • The opening schedule is difficult
  • Buffalo plays multiple short-rest and prime-time games
  • The division contains the defending AFC champion
  • An exact 10-win season loses an Over ticket

Pappy’s PlayBook Preseason Position

Pass at the current price, with an Over lean.

The early projection is 11-6, exactly one-half game above the total. That is not enough separation to lay -120 or worse on a season-long position.

Price to consider Over 10.5: -110 or better
Price to consider Over 10: -130 or better
Price to consider Under 11.5: -115 or better
Automatic pass: Significant injury to Allen, Dawkins or Cook; multiple secondary starters unavailable entering Week 1

The Over becomes more attractive if the line settles, McGovern returns and the defense exits the preseason with clearer answers at nose tackle and safety.

AFC East, AFC and Super Bowl Outlook

Buffalo is favored to reclaim the division from New England.

The Bills possess the best quarterback in the AFC East and the deepest proven offensive structure. New England owns the stronger recent postseason result and a defense capable of testing Buffalo’s transition.

At -140 or worse, the division price does not adequately account for that competition.

AFC East price to consider: -120 or better
AFC price to consider: +600 or better
Super Bowl price to consider: +1200 or better
Current recommendation: Pass

The conference price is more interesting than the division price because Allen gives Buffalo a credible path in any single matchup. The Super Bowl number should compensate bettors for the coaching transition and Buffalo’s repeated postseason difficulty.

Review the Miami Dolphins 2026 season preview for the first AFC East comparison in this series.

Weekly Bills Betting Angles to Monitor

Grade the New 3-4 Against the Run

Track yards before contact, early-down success and explosive runs. Mathis’ suspension makes the first three games an immediate stress test.

Separate Moore’s Role From His Reputation

Monitor target share, route depth and red-zone opportunities. Moore’s presence helps Allen even when it does not create an automatic individual Over.

Watch Brady’s Game Management

Fourth-down decisions, timeout usage and late-half aggression should be evaluated separately from offensive play design.

Track Secondary Communication

Leonhard’s disguises create value only when the coverage rotates together. Injuries to Gardner-Johnson, Bishop and Hairston make early busts possible.

Protect Against Allen’s Sack Matchups

Houston sacked Allen eight times last season. Elite interior or edge pressure should materially affect Buffalo team totals and Allen passing props.

Respect Cook as a Favorite

Cook’s rushing volume becomes more dependable when Buffalo controls the game. Do not price his role from 2024 usage after the 2025 rushing title.

Adjust for the Week 14-16 Sequence

Green Bay, Chicago and Denver arrive in eight days. Fatigue and injury accumulation will matter more than season-long power ratings.

Buffalo Bills Fantasy Football Targets

Best Quarterback Target: Josh Allen

Allen remains the safest elite quarterback because his rushing production protects the weekly floor.

Best Running Back Target: James Cook

Cook is the clearest volume back on an elite offense. Draft him as an RB1 while accepting modest regression from 1,621 yards.

Best Receiver Target: DJ Moore

Moore has the highest ceiling in the group. Allen is the best quarterback of his career, and the offense does not require Moore to defeat constant double coverage.

Safest PPR Value: Khalil Shakir

Shakir’s role and chemistry are established. Moore may reduce defensive attention without removing the underneath volume.

Best Touchdown Value: Keon Coleman

Coleman’s size remains useful near the goal line even if his overall target share declines.

Best Tight-End Target: Dalton Kincaid

Kincaid offers TE1 upside when healthy. His cost must account for Moore and Knox sharing targets.

Best Handcuff: Ray Davis

Davis can inherit early-down and goal-line work if Cook misses time.

Best Deep Sleeper: Skyler Bell

Bell can earn return work and slot snaps. His redraft value requires an injury ahead of him, but dynasty and deep formats should monitor him.

Player to Draft Carefully: Keon Coleman

Coleman can score touchdowns without producing dependable weekly volume. Do not pay for a Year 3 breakout that ignores Moore’s arrival.

Bills Defense and Kicker

Buffalo’s defense has sack and turnover upside but should not be drafted solely from past reputation while the 3-4 transition remains untested. Matt Prater’s value depends on winning the kicking competition and maintaining long-range efficiency.

Best-Case Scenario

Moore gives Allen the complete No. 1 receiver the offense lacked, Cook remains efficient and the line stays healthy.

Brady handles the head-coaching transition without losing offensive detail. Leonhard’s disguises unlock Rousseau, Chubb and Parker while the secondary quickly develops chemistry.

Buffalo wins 12 or 13 games, reclaims the AFC East and reaches the Super Bowl.

Worst-Case Scenario

The defensive transition begins slowly, Mathis’ absence exposes the interior and the new secondary allows explosive plays.

Brady’s expanded responsibilities affect situational execution, the offensive line suffers injuries and the schedule creates several narrow losses.

Buffalo finishes 9-8 or 10-7 and enters the playoffs without a home game—or misses entirely in an unusually deep AFC.

Final Buffalo Bills 2026 Prediction

Buffalo remains one of the league’s most complete contenders.

Allen, Cook and Moore give the offense three legitimate game-changing threats. Brady already understands the personnel, and Carmichael should help preserve the detail that can be lost during a head-coaching transition.

The uncertainty is defensive. Leonhard’s system may ultimately be more difficult for elite quarterbacks to diagnose, but Buffalo must replace trusted veterans while learning new run fits and coverage rotations.

Projected record: 11-6

Projected finish: First or second in AFC East

Playoff outlook: Strong contender; likely postseason team

Current futures recommendation: Pass

Early win-total lean: Over 10.5 at -110 or better

Buffalo has enough talent to reach the Super Bowl. The current market already charges bettors for that ceiling, making price discipline essential.

Visit the Pappy’s PlayBook NFL picks page throughout the season for official selections, playable prices and pass conditions.

Buffalo Bills 2026 FAQ

What is the Bills’ 2026 win total?

Buffalo’s current regular-season win total is 10.5. The Over has generally been priced between -120 and -140.

Who is the Bills’ head coach?

Joe Brady replaced Sean McDermott after serving as Buffalo’s offensive coordinator. He signed a five-year contract.

Who is Buffalo’s defensive coordinator?

Jim Leonhard is the defensive coordinator. He is installing a multiple system with a 3-4 foundation.

Is Josh Allen still an elite fantasy quarterback?

Yes. Allen remains an elite QB1 because he combines high touchdown potential with the best rushing floor at the position.

How does DJ Moore affect the Bills?

Moore gives Buffalo a proven outside receiver who can command coverage and create yards after the catch. His arrival also improves the matchups for Shakir, Coleman and Kincaid.

Is James Cook a first-round fantasy pick?

Cook belongs in the first-round conversation after leading the NFL with 1,621 rushing yards. Managers should expect some regression while still valuing him as an RB1.

Why is Phidarian Mathis unavailable?

Mathis was suspended for the first three regular-season games for violating the NFL’s performance-enhancing-substances policy.

Should bettors take Over 10.5 wins?

The Over is worth considering at -110 or better. At -120 or worse, an 11-6 projection does not provide enough separation for a season-long wager.

Sports betting involves financial risk. Never wager more than you can afford to lose, compare prices between sportsbooks and follow all laws applicable in your jurisdiction.